What Is Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)? Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common heart rhythm disorder, affecting millions of Americans. AFib happens when the upper chambers of the heart beat out of sync, causing an irregular and sometimes fast heartbeat. Left untreated, AFib can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart problems.

The good news is that AFib can often be treated and, in some cases, prevented by managing risk factors and getting the right care.

What Does AFib Feel Like?

AFib can feel different for everyone. Some people notice symptoms right away, while others may not feel anything at all.

Common symptoms include:

• A racing, pounding or fluttering heartbeat
• Skipped or irregular heartbeats
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fatigue or low energy
• Weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Trouble exercising or being active

Some AFib episodes come and go, while others last longer or happen more often over time.

Can You Have AFib Without Symptoms?

Yes. Some people have AFib and do not notice any symptoms. That's why routine checkups and regular care are important, especially if you have risk factors for heart disease or stroke.

What Increases Your Risk of AFib?

AFib is often linked to changes in the heart caused by aging, medical conditions or lifestyle factors. 

Warning Signs That Need Emergency Care

Many AFib symptoms can be managed with the help of a primary care provider or cardiologist. However, some symptoms require immediate medical attention.

Go to the nearest emergency room or call 911 if you have:

• Chest pain
• Severe shortness of breath
• Signs of a stroke, including:
  • Slurred speech
  • Sudden arm or leg weakness
  • Facial drooping
  • Confusion
  • Trouble seeing or walking

How Is AFib Treated?

Treatment depends on your symptoms, overall health and stroke risk. Your cardiologist may recommend:

• Medications to control heart rate or rhythm
• Blood thinners to help prevent stroke
• Lifestyle changes to improve heart health
• Catheter ablation, a procedure that uses heat or cold energy to treat abnormal electrical signals in the heart

Some patients may be candidates for devices designed to reduce stroke risk as an alternative to long-term blood thinner use.

At MetroHealth's Atrial Fibrillation Center, patients receive a comprehensive evaluation and individualized treatment plan. MetroHealth offers advanced treatment options for even the most complex AFib cases.

Protecting Your Heart

Even small changes can make a difference. To help lower your risk of AFib:

• Stay physically active.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Keep blood pressure under control.
• Manage diabetes.
• Limit alcohol use.
• Get tested and treated for sleep apnea if needed.
• Keep regular appointments with your healthcare provider.

When to Talk With a Doctor

If you notice a racing, fluttering or irregular heartbeat, don't ignore it. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of serious complications, including stroke.

A cardiologist can help determine whether your symptoms are related to AFib and create a treatment plan that fits your needs.

An Important Message from Dr. Ziv.

Your Questions Answered

Q. What are the first signs of AFib?

A. Many people notice a racing, fluttering or irregular heartbeat. Others may feel tired, dizzy, weak or short of breath. Some people have no symptoms at all.

Q. Is AFib dangerous?

A. AFib is usually not immediately life-threatening, but it can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart problems if it is not treated.

Q. Can AFib be prevented?

A. While not all cases can be prevented, managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, sleep apnea, obesity, diabetes and alcohol use may help lower your risk.

Q. How is AFib treated?

A. Treatment may include medication, blood thinners, lifestyle changes or procedures such as catheter ablation. Your doctor will recommend the option that is best for you based on your symptoms and health history.

Q. When should I go to the emergency room for AFib symptoms?

A. Seek emergency care right away if you have chest pain, severe shortness of breath or signs of a stroke, such as slurred speech, sudden weakness or confusion.

“At MetroHealth, we treat the most complex and difficult cases of atrial fibrillation,” says Dr. Ziv. “Our pioneering techniques for ablation to treat persistent AFib can help people achieve healthier outcomes.”

While some people who have AFib don’t experience symptoms, there are some common signs of AFib.