Staying in Balance - Signs to Watch for in Yourself and Loved Ones

If you or a family member is losing balance or has recently fallen, you’re not alone. Many older adults experience balance issues, and they can be dangerous. MetroHealth physical therapist Matthew Marcus — a board-certified neurologic specialist — emphasizes the importance of understanding what’s causing these problems so they can be treated effectively.

What Causes Balance Problems?

Your balance relies on three main systems. 

• Touch and body awareness (somatosensory system): This helps you feel things like temperature and pain and to know where your body is in space. 
• Inner ear (vestibular system): Tiny hair cells and fluid inside your ear help you stay balanced. Aging and exposure to loud noises can wear down these cells. 
• Eye (vision): Your eyesight helps you see where you’re going. If your vision isn’t clear, it’s  hard to walk safely. 

Who’s More Likely to Have Balance Problems?

Along with aging, medical conditions that increase your risk include:  

• Ear infections or hearing loss  
• Vision issues 
• Certain medications, such as those for blood pressure 
• Brain and nervous system conditions (like stroke, neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and concussion or other traumatic brain injury) 
• Joint problems (like arthritis or a recent joint replacement surgery) 

Watch for These Signs in Yourself or Loved Ones

If you or someone you care about is staying home more than usual, it could be a sign they’re afraid of falling. That fear can lead to moving less and spending more time alone — both of which can affect overall health. Pay attention to these changes, and don’t hesitate to talk to a health professional if you notice them. 

• Feeling dizzy or lightheaded 
• Holding onto furniture, walls, or someone’s arm while walking 
• Sitting down in a fast, uncontrolled motion 
• Walking slowly or tentatively  

If someone is staying home more than usual, they might be scared of falling. That fear can lead to less movement and more loneliness, which isn’t good for health either.  

What can be done for balance problems

Treatment depends on what’s causing you to feel unsteady. It may include: 

• Treating any health issues that affect balance 
• Physical therapy to help you move and walk safely  
• Using a cane, walker or other assistive device, even if just long enough to build strength and confidence  

Your Questions Answered

Q. What are the signs of a balance problem?

A. Signs may include dizziness, feeling unsteady when walking, frequent stumbling, vertigo (a spinning feeling), or having trouble standing up without support. These symptoms should not be ignored, especially if they happen often.

Q. Who is most at risk for balance problems?

A. Anyone can have balance issues, but they are more common in older adults. Certain health conditions, inner ear problems, vision changes, medications, and muscle weakness can also increase the risk.

Q. When should I seek help for balance concerns?

A. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have ongoing dizziness, frequent falls, trouble walking, or concerns about a loved one's balance. Early evaluation and treatment can help prevent injuries and improve safety.