Change Your Mindset about Multiple Sclerosis

What Is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term disease that affects the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. MS is an autoimmune disease. This means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy parts of the nervous system.

According to Carol Swetlik, MD, a MetroHealth neurologist who cares for people with MS, symptoms can be different from person to person. Some people have mild symptoms, while others may develop more serious problems over time. The good news is that MS is not a fatal disease.

Common Symptoms of MS

MS symptoms may include:

• Blurred vision, vision loss, or eye pain
• Weakness in the arms or legs
• Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
• Changes in speech, such as slurred speech
• Bladder problems, including needing to urinate often or having trouble urinating

When Should You See a Healthcare Provider?

If you notice symptoms that could be MS, start by seeing your primary care provider. Some symptoms can be caused by other health conditions. For example, frequent urination may be a urinary tract infection (UTI) instead of MS.

“MS often presents as a relapse, which is defined as new neurologic symptoms lasting greater than 24 hours,” says Dr. Swetlik.

A relapse may mean:

• New symptoms develop
• Old symptoms return
• Existing symptoms get worse

Symptoms often appear over a few days and can last for weeks or even months. They may go away partly or completely. Even if you start to feel better, it is important to contact your provider if a new symptom lasts longer than one day.

Who Gets MS?

MS is most often diagnosed in adults between ages 20 and 40. It is more common in women, but anyone can develop MS at any age.

MS has traditionally been linked to people of northern or eastern European ancestry. However, newer research shows that MS is also common among Black people, who may experience more severe disability from the disease over time.

What’s New in MS Treatment?

Years ago, there were only a few treatment options for MS, and some caused difficult side effects. Today, there are many more choices.

Treatment options include:

• Infusions
• Injections
• Pills
• New and emerging therapies

These treatments are called disease-modifying therapies because they can slow or change the course of the disease. They may:

• Reduce relapses
• Prevent new lesions seen on MRI scans
• Slow disease progression
• Help prevent worsening symptoms

How MetroHealth Supports People with MS

The MetroHealth Neuroimmunology Clinic provides care from a team of specialists who work together to support patients and families.

This team includes:

• MS physician: Diagnoses MS, recommends treatment, monitors progress, and coordinates specialty care
• Clinic pharmacist: Explains medications and helps patients manage treatment plans
• Nursing team: Helps coordinate care and answers questions
• Clinic social worker: Connects patients with resources such as housing support, mental health services, and transportation assistance

Your Questions Answered

Q: What are the first signs of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A. Early symptoms of MS can include vision changes, eye pain, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, weakness in the arms or legs, and problems with balance or coordination. Symptoms can vary from person to person.

Q: When should I see a doctor about possible MS symptoms?

A. You should contact your healthcare provider if you develop new neurological symptoms that last longer than 24 hours, such as vision problems, numbness, weakness, or speech changes. Your provider can help determine the cause and decide if you need to see a neurologist.

Q: Can multiple sclerosis be treated?

A. Yes. While there is no cure for MS, many treatments can help slow the disease, reduce relapses, and prevent new damage to the nervous system. Today, treatment options include infusions, injections, pills, and other therapies tailored to each patient's needs.